Key Adult Populations Immunization Coverage Survey (KAPICS) : Vaccine hesitancy, intentions and fatigue

Use the charts on this page to learn about vaccine hesitancy by key populations and vaccine type, as well as how plans to receive different vaccines in the future varies by different populations in Canada.

On this page

• Vaccine hesitancy
• Plans to get vaccinated in the future
• Vaccine fatigue

Vaccine hesitancy

Key observations

• The general population reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rates of 29% in 2023, and 35% in 2024.
• In 2025, influenza vaccine hesitancy was 37% among the general population. In key populations, it ranged from 36% (lower income) to 44% (rural or remote communities, people who use drugs, and recent immigrants).
• In 2025, 38% of the general population said that they have been hesitant to an adult vaccine (excluding COVID-19 and influenza) at some point in the past. In key populations, it ranged from 40% (lower income) to 52% (Indigenous).

Interact with the bars in Figure 1 for more detailed information on the displayed values. Use the "Download data (.csv)" button to download all of the data used in this figure.

Figure 1: Proportion of key populations who were hesitant to receive ,

Figure 1: Text description

Figure 1: Notes

• We based vaccination coverage estimates on survey data from:
  • 2023 (January 9 and February 23, 2023, n = 5,703)
  • 2024 (January 11 to March 3, 2024, n = 5,862)
  • 2025 (February 19 to March 23, 2025, and May 1 to July 3, 2025, n = 5,754)
• We could not set quotas when targeting four populations: health care workers, industry workers, transportation workers and people who use drugs. As a result, we collected data for these populations through a pattern of naturally occurring characteristics that emerge within the general population.
• Populations are not mutually exclusive. Respondents can fall into multiple populations. For example, a respondent can be part of the young adults population as well as the industry workers population, or part of the transportation workers and rural or remote communities populations.
• In 2025, we didn’t capture health care workers, industry workers, and transportation workers populations in the survey. The urban Indigenous population was reframed as Indigenous.
• We measured hesitancy to receive any routine adult vaccines by any vaccines (excluding influenza and COVID-19) that a person said they were hesitant about, after they turned 18 years of age.

Plans to get vaccinated in the future

Key observations

Plans for future vaccination varied depending on the type of vaccine, the population and the year.

• COVID-19
  • In 2023, 30% of the general population planned to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in the future, increasing to 51% in 2024, and 45% in 2025.
  • Plans to get vaccinated against COVID-19 varied among the key populations each year. Patterns were similar in 2024 and 2025 within the populations included in the 2024 and 2025 survey. Plans to get vaccinated against COVID-19 ranged from:
    • 34% (young adults) to 50% (lower income) in 2024
    • 29% (young adults) to 44% (lower income) in 2025
• Influenza
  • Among those in the general population who had not yet received the influenza vaccine:
    • in 2024, 11% said that they “definitely to probably will” get vaccinated by June 2024
    • in 2025, 13% said that they “definitely to probably will” get vaccinated by June 2025
  • Plans to get vaccinated against influenza varied among the key populations, ranging from:
    • 8% (rural or remote communities) and 34% (recent immigrants) in 2024
    • 9% (rural or remote communities) and 24% (recent immigrants) in 2025
• RSV
  • In 2024, 60% of the general population said that they “definitely to probably will” receive the RSV vaccine if it were available to them and free of charge, increasing to 69% in 2025.
  • Plans to get vaccinated against RSV varied among the key populations, ranging from:
    • 45% (industry workers) to 67% (health care workers) in 2024
    • 55% (Indigenous) to 73% (recent immigrants) in 2025.
• Other adult vaccines
  • In 2025, those who had not received one or more adult vaccines said that if a health care provider recommended it, they would get vaccinated with:
    • pertussis (whooping cough): 63% of the general population said that they would get vaccinated, ranging in key populations from 57% (rural or remote communities) to 75% (young adults)
    • tetanus: 83% of the general population said that they would get vaccinated, ranging in key populations from 73% (rural or remote communities) to 94% (people who use drugs)
    • pneumococcal: 70% of the general population said that they would get vaccinated, ranging in key populations from 65% (lower income) to 78% (visible minorities)
    • HPV: 63% of the general population and 64% of young adults said that they would get vaccinated
    • shingles: 72% of the general population said that they would get vaccinated, ranging in key populations from 66% (Indigenous) to 78% (people who use drugs)

Figure 2: Proportion of people planning future vaccination against , among key populations,

Figure 2 and its data table will update based on your dropdown selection. Interact with the bars in the visualization for more detailed information. Use the "Download data (.csv)" button to download all of the data used in this figure.

Figure 2: Text description

• *: Estimates with unweighted base size (denominator) of less than 30 should be interpreted with caution. This is due to the increased coefficient of variation and, hence, there are larger confidence intervals around results with smaller bases.

Figure 2: Notes

• We based vaccination coverage estimates on survey data from:
  • 2023 (January 9 and February 23, 2023, n = 5,703)
  • 2024 (January 11 to March 3, 2024, n = 5,862)
  • 2025 (February 19 to March 23, 2025, and May 1 to July 3, 2025, n = 5,754)
• We could not set quotas when targeting four populations: health care workers, industry workers, transportation workers, and people who use drugs. As a result, we collected data for these populations through a pattern of naturally occurring characteristics that emerge within the general population.
• Populations are not mutually exclusive. Respondents can fall into multiple populations. For example, a respondent can be part of the young adults population as well as the industry workers population, or part of the transportation workers and rural or remote communities populations.
• In 2025, we didn’t capture health care workers, industry workers, and transportation workers populations in the survey. The urban Indigenous population was reframed as "Indigenous."
• In 2024 and 2025, we showed people who weren’t against vaccines the COVID-19 vaccination intention question, no matter their COVID-19 vaccination status.
• In 2023, we measured plans to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in the future by combining vaccination intention responses among those who hadn’t received a dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and those who reported they had received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.
• In 2024 and 2025, we showed the influenza vaccination intention question to people who hadn’t received a flu vaccine within the current flu season or who said, “I don’t know” or “I prefer not to answer.” We measured plans to get vaccinated by combining responses for “will definitely get one” and “will probably get one.”
• In 2024 and 2025, we showed the RSV vaccination intention question to everyone. We measured plans to get vaccinated, if the vaccine was recommended to them and free of charge, by combining responses for “definitely would” and “probably would.”
• In 2025, we showed the adult routine vaccination intention question to the people who hadn’t received at least one of the routine vaccines: pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, HPV, pneumococcal or shingles vaccines.
  • non-vaccination for tetanus was based on whether the vaccine was received in the past 10 years
  • pneumococcal vaccination was among people aged 50 years and older in Nunavut and 65 years and older in other provinces and territories
  • shingles vaccination was among people aged 50 years and older
• The HPV vaccine was introduced in school programs for girls in Canada between 2007 and 2020, and for boys from 2018/2019 to 2021.

Vaccine fatigue

Key observations

• Among the general population, ratings of “high” vaccine fatigue decreased from 33% in 2024 to 23% in 2025. Similarly, a greater proportion of the general population rated their vaccine fatigue as “not at all” going from 27% in 2024 to 34% in 2025.
• Vaccine fatigue varied among the key populations in 2024 and 2025:
  • Among those who rated vaccine fatigue as “high,” it ranged between:
    • 31% (recent immigrants) and 46% (transportation workers) in 2024
    • 19% (recent immigrants) and 34% (people living in rural or remote communities) in 2025
  • Among those who rated vaccine fatigue as “not at all,” it ranged between:
    • 17% (people who use drugs) and 27% (lower income) in 2024
    • 26% (Indigenous) and 32% (recent immigrants) in 2025

Figure 3: Level of vaccine fatigue among the ,

Figure 3 and its data table will update based on your dropdown selection. Interact with the pie slices in the visualizations for more detailed information. Use the "Download data (.csv)" button to download all of the data used in this figure.

Figure 3: Text description

• *: Estimates with unweighted base size (denominator) of less than 30 should be interpreted with caution. This is due to the increased coefficient of variation and, hence, there are larger confidence intervals around results with smaller bases.

Figure 3: Notes

• We based vaccination coverage estimates on survey data from:
  • 2024 (January 11 to March 3, 2024, n = 5,862)
  • 2025 (February 19 to March 23, 2025, and May 1 to July 3, 2025, n = 5,754)
• We could not set quotas when targeting four populations: health care workers, industry workers, transportation workers, and people who use drugs. As a result, we collected data for these populations through a pattern of naturally occurring characteristics that emerge within the general population.
• Populations are not mutually exclusive. Respondents can fall into multiple populations. For example, a respondent can be part of the young adults population as well as the industry workers population, or part of the transportation workers and rural or remote communities populations.
• In 2025, we didn’t capture health care workers, industry workers, and transportation workers populations in the survey. The urban Indigenous population was reframed as "Indigenous."
• High vaccine fatigue was measured by combining responses for "very high fatigue" and "high fatigue."